Danielle Anaya
Mike
Senior Paper
30 April 2014
Divorce Rate
Why is divorce in America at a rate of 1 divorce approximately every 36 seconds? There are nearly 2,400 divorces per day, 16,800 per week and 876,000 per year in the united states. What divorce is turning into is a awful thing. People are taking marriage as just something to do and that has made the divorce rate spike in the past 100 years. Divorce has a significant impact on many things such as, a psychological impact, an impact on children, impact on extended family and friends, and a financial impact and that affects the entire country.
The psychological impact of divorce is, “According to a new paper published in the Journal Of Men's Health, divorce can take a great mental and physical toll on men. Specifically, divorced and unmarried men have higher rates of mortality and are more prone to substance abuse and depression than married men. The paper, titled "The Influence of Divorce on Men's Health," concluded that divorced and unmarried men have mortality rates up to 250 percent higher than married men. The causes of premature death for divorced men include cardiovascular disease, hypertension and stroke. Divorced men are also more prone to various diseases, ranging from common colds to life-threatening health problems like cancer and heart attacks.” The effects on women are things like guilt, depression, feeling anxious.
Guilt- “The psychological effects of divorce on women are far-reaching, but one of the most basic emotions is guilt. This can be true if the woman initiated the divorce or not. Women in both situations may feel at fault for not working hard enough to make the marriage work”
Depression- “The end of a marriage is devastating to both parties. Women, especially, may feel saddened by the sudden loss of their marriage. Their dreams for the future may be wrapped up in their marriage, and now that hope for the future appears to be gone. Increased responsibility combined with the realization that the life they envisioned no longer exists correlates with the fact that women are more likely to suffer from depression three years after a divorce”
Feeling Anxious- “After a divorce, one may experience a great deal of anxiety. The future is uncertain and therefore, so is one's security. Women may experience more stress as they may have solely or mostly relied on their husbands for financial support. Trying to figure out how to support themselves, and often times a family, may prove to be difficult. Despite this, there are many things one can do to lessen anxiety including eating healthy, meditating and exercising.”
The psychological effects on children are that they have higher rate of suicide, performance in school is lower than their peers with two parent families, in reading, spelling, and math.
The effects of divorce are immense. The research shows not only that it permanently weakens the relationship between a child and his or her parents, but also that it leads to destructive ways of handling conflict and a poor self-image. Children of divorce demonstrate an earlier loss of virginity, more cohabitation, higher expectations of divorce, higher divorce rates later in life, and less desire to have children. These effects on future family life perpetuate the downward spiral of family breakdown. The effects of divorce on children can range from mild to severe and from short-term to long-term. Though none of the effects necessarily applies to every child of divorced parents, millions of children who see their parents divorce are nonetheless affected in serious ways by that act of rejection. There is no way to predict how each individual child will be affected or to what extent, but it is possible to demonstrate and predict the numerous and serious effects that divorce is having on society. Thus, the issue for researchers is no longer to determine what divorce's ill effects are, but rather to understand the depth and persistence of these effects on children, their children, and even their grandchildren. (www.peacemaker.net)
The impact of divorce on children is very bad, 43% of children in America grow up without their fathers. Thats almost half of children in America don’t have their fathers in their lives. Think about being a young child and trying to ask your mom something that is a question for daddy, not getting an answer because he isn’t in the picture. The effects on children are the worst. Divorce causes children to have increased academic, behavioral, and psychological problems than children from non-divorced families. Children who have experienced a divorce frequently have lower academic achievement than children from non-divorced families. Children from divorced families are twice as likely to drop out of high school and are less likely to attend college than children from non-divorced families. Other types of problems that are linked with a divorce are externalized problems such as acting out and delinquency. These Children have internalized problems such as anxiety and depression, are less socially responsible, have less-competent intimate relationships, become sexually active at an earlier age, take drugs, associate with antisocial peers, and have lower self-esteem. Although the majority of adolescents in divorced families do not have these problems, adolescents from divorced families are more likely than adolescents from non-divorced families.
Each year, over 1 million American children suffer the divorce of their parents; moreover, half of the children born this year to parents who are married will see their parents divorce before they turn 18. Mounting evidence in social science journals demonstrates that the devastating physical, emotional, and financial effects that divorce is having on these children will last well into adulthood and affect future generations. Among these broad and damaging effects are the following, Children of divorced parents perform more poorly in reading, spelling, and math. They also are more likely to repeat a grade and to have higher dropout rates and lower rates of college graduation.
The impact on extended family and friends is, “that 25 percent of adolescents who have experienced a divorce become disengaged from their families compared to only 10% of adolescents from two parent homes. No one can anticipate how divorce until the experience hits home. Husbands and wives are not the only casualties of a marital breakup, but family and close friends are sometimes lost in the fray. Couples who shared laughter and tears with a close knit group of neighbors, co-workers, or acquaintances may find that ending a marriage also ends other relationships. Former partners soon discover how divorce affects friendships when the phone ceases to ring, emails go unanswered, and invitations to go for coffee are at first slim and then none. There are several reasons why long-standing relationships fail after divorce. Many people are embarrassed to discuss the breakup. Others feel ill at ease in the company of half of what once was a whole couple. Still more feel forced to take one partner's side over the other, but dividing allegiances can be difficult. One hundred twenty-three couples and 58 divorced people were interviewed about their friendships. Couples told us that they usually lost their couple friendships when the couple split up, that maintaining separate friendships with both members of the couple was rare. Couple friendships are very or somewhat important to over three-quarters of those interviewed and the mean number of couple friends was close to seven. Almost two-thirds said they had couple friends who divorced or broke up. Over half said that the friendship ended with one person and one in eight said it ended with both; in about one-third both friendships were reportedly maintained. Divorced people said that couple friendships were important but less so than had the couples. Income, age, and number of years married were not related to the importance of couple friendships. Almost four in ten said that they lost all couple friendships and almost two in ten said they lost some couple friendships with the divorce. One 48-year-old man said, "It fractured them. Every single one of them fractured. That was the end pretty much. I moved out so the neighbor friends you had as couple friends, they were gone." Individual friends were more apt to stick with the divorcing people (60.3 percent of the divorced indicated this) and one in six said they became closer with their individual friends. Divorcing/separating people often feel uncomfortable being around couples — it may remind them of what they have lost or they may be concerned about the level of support they receive from the couples. In turn, couples often feel uncomfortable being around a divorcing/separating person when they have been friends with both members of the couple. They may fear having to take sides or that their own relationship is threatened when their friends break up. Yet a partnership breakup or marital separation is a time when people need all the friends they can get. Having clear communication about the nature of the newly shifting relationship between old friends can give everyone a road map about where to go in the future. It can be as simple as the couple saying to each of the separating people, "We would like to continue our friendship and do not want to have to choose sides." It can also be as simple for the divorcing/separating people as saying, "Even though we are splitting up, I would like to maintain our friendship and will try to not have you choose sides." It is also okay to be unsure where the friendship is going and to say, "Let's continue to make this a work in progress because I value you in my (our) life." People with friends live longer, healthier lives so maintaining them when they are supportive is vital.” (http://www.psychologytoday.com)
The financial impact is- When an adult divorces he or she essentially loses the financial support of their partner; as a result, he or she must assume additional workloads in order to make end’s meet, thus the parent-child relationship may suffer because parental supervision and individual attention is at a minimum. The academic problems associated with children from single-parent families, may have a direct correlation to the economical impact of divorce. For example, almost half of all single parent families live below the 100 percent poverty level. As the result of a divorce, a newly-single parent may have to move to a less-expensive neighborhood with a poor school system. With the divorce rate being so high, it has negatively affected America's potential for economic growth. According to an article written by BusinessNewsDaily.com in March 2012, “there is no equivalent byproduct of policy change that can wreak havoc on a country's economy quite like the divorce revolution can. Divorce not only affects the individuals involved, it can also deeply hinder a country's ability to climb out of a recession and improve economic growth. While the divorce rate in the U.S. has certainly decreased in recent years, divorce continues to play its part in dragging down the country's economy. With divorce comes the need for more housing, energy, transportation and other important resources. If the changing family dynamic continues to improve divorce statistics, the U.S. may experience the financial benefits that come from a healthy marriage - financial stability over a long period of time. In the past 28 years, the households of over 1 million children have experienced an even greater contraction in income-with an average drop of between 28 percent to 42 percent. For families that were not poor before a divorce, the drop in income can be as high as 50 percent.”
The impacts on the country as a whole- In 1867-1935 in every 1000 people there was 0-2 divorces thats 152,425 divorces and from 1936-2014 there are 4-8 divorces in every 1000 people thats 2,536,000 divorces, that’s a difference of 2,383,575 divorces.41% of first marriages end, 60% of second marriages end, and a whopping 73% of third marriages end. The average marriage ends in 8 years, and 30 years old is the average age that marriages ends. Families with children that were not poor before the divorce see their income drop as much as 50 percent. Almost 50 percent of the parents with children that are going through a divorce move into poverty after the divorce. Restoring the importance of marriage to society and the welfare of children will require politicians and civic leaders to make this one of their most important tasks. It also will require a modest commitment of resources to pro-marriage programs. Fiscal conservatives should realize that federal and state governments spend $150 billion per year to subsidize and sustain single-parent families. By contrast, only $150 million is spent to strengthen marriage. Therefor, for every $1,000 spent to deal with the effects of family disintegration, only $1 is spent to prevent that disintegration. Refocusing funds to preserve marriage by reducing divorce and illegitimacy not only will be good for children and society, but in the long run will save money. Divorce Slows Economic Growth! There are few things than can slow economic growth quite like a high rate of divorce. According to a study performed by the Marriage and Religion Research Institute, marriage is an important contributor to economic growth. ”Healthy marriages have been proved to promote economic growth, while divorce adversely impacts the economy. Another factor that affects economic growth is the increase of total households. When couples are divorced, more housing, power and resources are required. The more the divorce rate increases, the more adverse the effect on the economy.”
Solutions of divorce- There are laws in states that are trying to keep The divorce rate at its lowest and here are some examples of what laws they have. Establish pro-marriage education and mentoring programs to teach couples how to develop skills to handle conflict and enhance the marital relationship. Classes to learn how to make your relationship better are a smart thing to help realize the reasons that the divorce rate is going up so much. Topics, such as lack of communication would help. Require married couples with minor children to promote community-wide marriage programs for couples planning to get married and marriage-mentoring programs for couples in troubled marriages. End "no-fault" divorce for parents with children under age 18, requiring them to prove that grave harm will be visited upon the children by having the marriage continue. Have divorce education and a mediated co-partnering plan before filing for divorce. Make the covenant of marriage option available to engaged couples as a way to bind them to a marriage contract that lengthens the process for obtaining of a divorce by two years. American society may have erased the stigma that once accompanied divorce, but it can no longer ignore its massive effects. As social scientists track successive generations of American children whose parents have ended their marriages, the data are leading even some of the once-staunchest supporters of divorce to conclude that divorce is hurting American society and devastating the lives of children. Its effects are obvious in family life, educational attainment, job stability, income potential, physical and emotional health, drug use, and crime. Federal officials can assist them in this effort by establishing the importance of marriage in federal policies and programs. For example, Washington could require the states to collect and provide accurate data on marriages and divorces, noting in each case the ages of the children involved. Congress could create demonstration grants, by diverting existing funding, to enable local community groups to provide marriage education and divorce prevention programs. Finally, Congress could establish a one-time tax credit for married parents who keep their marriage intact at least until their youngest child reaches age 18. The best solution to divorce is waiting to get married, to actually know if that person is really the one you want to be with for the rest of your life with a divorce. That means that you need to build up your communication skills, because if you don’t have communication skills you have nothing in your relationship and its proven to not work out, it will end in divorce.
Work Cited Page
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tag/psychological-effects-of-divorce/(2014)
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/30/mens-health-divorce_n_4018432.html(2014)
http://www.livestrong.com/article/103381-psychological-effects-divorce-women/ (2014)
http://www.mckinleyirvin.com/Family-Law-Blog/2012/October/32-Shocking-Divorce-Statistics.aspx?redirect_referrer=https%3a%2f%2fwww.google.com%2f (2014)
http://www.cedu.niu.edu/~shumow/iit/DIVORCE.pdf (2014)
http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2000/06/the-effects-of-divorce-on-america(2014)
http://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/1112/how-divorce-can-adversely-affect-the-economy.aspx (2014)
http://www.peacemaker.net/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=aqKFLTOBIpH&b=1043497&ct=5077343 (2014)
http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/buddy-system/201209/the-impact-divorce-friendships-couples-and-individuals (2014)
Mike
Senior Paper
30 April 2014
Divorce Rate
Why is divorce in America at a rate of 1 divorce approximately every 36 seconds? There are nearly 2,400 divorces per day, 16,800 per week and 876,000 per year in the united states. What divorce is turning into is a awful thing. People are taking marriage as just something to do and that has made the divorce rate spike in the past 100 years. Divorce has a significant impact on many things such as, a psychological impact, an impact on children, impact on extended family and friends, and a financial impact and that affects the entire country.
The psychological impact of divorce is, “According to a new paper published in the Journal Of Men's Health, divorce can take a great mental and physical toll on men. Specifically, divorced and unmarried men have higher rates of mortality and are more prone to substance abuse and depression than married men. The paper, titled "The Influence of Divorce on Men's Health," concluded that divorced and unmarried men have mortality rates up to 250 percent higher than married men. The causes of premature death for divorced men include cardiovascular disease, hypertension and stroke. Divorced men are also more prone to various diseases, ranging from common colds to life-threatening health problems like cancer and heart attacks.” The effects on women are things like guilt, depression, feeling anxious.
Guilt- “The psychological effects of divorce on women are far-reaching, but one of the most basic emotions is guilt. This can be true if the woman initiated the divorce or not. Women in both situations may feel at fault for not working hard enough to make the marriage work”
Depression- “The end of a marriage is devastating to both parties. Women, especially, may feel saddened by the sudden loss of their marriage. Their dreams for the future may be wrapped up in their marriage, and now that hope for the future appears to be gone. Increased responsibility combined with the realization that the life they envisioned no longer exists correlates with the fact that women are more likely to suffer from depression three years after a divorce”
Feeling Anxious- “After a divorce, one may experience a great deal of anxiety. The future is uncertain and therefore, so is one's security. Women may experience more stress as they may have solely or mostly relied on their husbands for financial support. Trying to figure out how to support themselves, and often times a family, may prove to be difficult. Despite this, there are many things one can do to lessen anxiety including eating healthy, meditating and exercising.”
The psychological effects on children are that they have higher rate of suicide, performance in school is lower than their peers with two parent families, in reading, spelling, and math.
The effects of divorce are immense. The research shows not only that it permanently weakens the relationship between a child and his or her parents, but also that it leads to destructive ways of handling conflict and a poor self-image. Children of divorce demonstrate an earlier loss of virginity, more cohabitation, higher expectations of divorce, higher divorce rates later in life, and less desire to have children. These effects on future family life perpetuate the downward spiral of family breakdown. The effects of divorce on children can range from mild to severe and from short-term to long-term. Though none of the effects necessarily applies to every child of divorced parents, millions of children who see their parents divorce are nonetheless affected in serious ways by that act of rejection. There is no way to predict how each individual child will be affected or to what extent, but it is possible to demonstrate and predict the numerous and serious effects that divorce is having on society. Thus, the issue for researchers is no longer to determine what divorce's ill effects are, but rather to understand the depth and persistence of these effects on children, their children, and even their grandchildren. (www.peacemaker.net)
The impact of divorce on children is very bad, 43% of children in America grow up without their fathers. Thats almost half of children in America don’t have their fathers in their lives. Think about being a young child and trying to ask your mom something that is a question for daddy, not getting an answer because he isn’t in the picture. The effects on children are the worst. Divorce causes children to have increased academic, behavioral, and psychological problems than children from non-divorced families. Children who have experienced a divorce frequently have lower academic achievement than children from non-divorced families. Children from divorced families are twice as likely to drop out of high school and are less likely to attend college than children from non-divorced families. Other types of problems that are linked with a divorce are externalized problems such as acting out and delinquency. These Children have internalized problems such as anxiety and depression, are less socially responsible, have less-competent intimate relationships, become sexually active at an earlier age, take drugs, associate with antisocial peers, and have lower self-esteem. Although the majority of adolescents in divorced families do not have these problems, adolescents from divorced families are more likely than adolescents from non-divorced families.
Each year, over 1 million American children suffer the divorce of their parents; moreover, half of the children born this year to parents who are married will see their parents divorce before they turn 18. Mounting evidence in social science journals demonstrates that the devastating physical, emotional, and financial effects that divorce is having on these children will last well into adulthood and affect future generations. Among these broad and damaging effects are the following, Children of divorced parents perform more poorly in reading, spelling, and math. They also are more likely to repeat a grade and to have higher dropout rates and lower rates of college graduation.
The impact on extended family and friends is, “that 25 percent of adolescents who have experienced a divorce become disengaged from their families compared to only 10% of adolescents from two parent homes. No one can anticipate how divorce until the experience hits home. Husbands and wives are not the only casualties of a marital breakup, but family and close friends are sometimes lost in the fray. Couples who shared laughter and tears with a close knit group of neighbors, co-workers, or acquaintances may find that ending a marriage also ends other relationships. Former partners soon discover how divorce affects friendships when the phone ceases to ring, emails go unanswered, and invitations to go for coffee are at first slim and then none. There are several reasons why long-standing relationships fail after divorce. Many people are embarrassed to discuss the breakup. Others feel ill at ease in the company of half of what once was a whole couple. Still more feel forced to take one partner's side over the other, but dividing allegiances can be difficult. One hundred twenty-three couples and 58 divorced people were interviewed about their friendships. Couples told us that they usually lost their couple friendships when the couple split up, that maintaining separate friendships with both members of the couple was rare. Couple friendships are very or somewhat important to over three-quarters of those interviewed and the mean number of couple friends was close to seven. Almost two-thirds said they had couple friends who divorced or broke up. Over half said that the friendship ended with one person and one in eight said it ended with both; in about one-third both friendships were reportedly maintained. Divorced people said that couple friendships were important but less so than had the couples. Income, age, and number of years married were not related to the importance of couple friendships. Almost four in ten said that they lost all couple friendships and almost two in ten said they lost some couple friendships with the divorce. One 48-year-old man said, "It fractured them. Every single one of them fractured. That was the end pretty much. I moved out so the neighbor friends you had as couple friends, they were gone." Individual friends were more apt to stick with the divorcing people (60.3 percent of the divorced indicated this) and one in six said they became closer with their individual friends. Divorcing/separating people often feel uncomfortable being around couples — it may remind them of what they have lost or they may be concerned about the level of support they receive from the couples. In turn, couples often feel uncomfortable being around a divorcing/separating person when they have been friends with both members of the couple. They may fear having to take sides or that their own relationship is threatened when their friends break up. Yet a partnership breakup or marital separation is a time when people need all the friends they can get. Having clear communication about the nature of the newly shifting relationship between old friends can give everyone a road map about where to go in the future. It can be as simple as the couple saying to each of the separating people, "We would like to continue our friendship and do not want to have to choose sides." It can also be as simple for the divorcing/separating people as saying, "Even though we are splitting up, I would like to maintain our friendship and will try to not have you choose sides." It is also okay to be unsure where the friendship is going and to say, "Let's continue to make this a work in progress because I value you in my (our) life." People with friends live longer, healthier lives so maintaining them when they are supportive is vital.” (http://www.psychologytoday.com)
The financial impact is- When an adult divorces he or she essentially loses the financial support of their partner; as a result, he or she must assume additional workloads in order to make end’s meet, thus the parent-child relationship may suffer because parental supervision and individual attention is at a minimum. The academic problems associated with children from single-parent families, may have a direct correlation to the economical impact of divorce. For example, almost half of all single parent families live below the 100 percent poverty level. As the result of a divorce, a newly-single parent may have to move to a less-expensive neighborhood with a poor school system. With the divorce rate being so high, it has negatively affected America's potential for economic growth. According to an article written by BusinessNewsDaily.com in March 2012, “there is no equivalent byproduct of policy change that can wreak havoc on a country's economy quite like the divorce revolution can. Divorce not only affects the individuals involved, it can also deeply hinder a country's ability to climb out of a recession and improve economic growth. While the divorce rate in the U.S. has certainly decreased in recent years, divorce continues to play its part in dragging down the country's economy. With divorce comes the need for more housing, energy, transportation and other important resources. If the changing family dynamic continues to improve divorce statistics, the U.S. may experience the financial benefits that come from a healthy marriage - financial stability over a long period of time. In the past 28 years, the households of over 1 million children have experienced an even greater contraction in income-with an average drop of between 28 percent to 42 percent. For families that were not poor before a divorce, the drop in income can be as high as 50 percent.”
The impacts on the country as a whole- In 1867-1935 in every 1000 people there was 0-2 divorces thats 152,425 divorces and from 1936-2014 there are 4-8 divorces in every 1000 people thats 2,536,000 divorces, that’s a difference of 2,383,575 divorces.41% of first marriages end, 60% of second marriages end, and a whopping 73% of third marriages end. The average marriage ends in 8 years, and 30 years old is the average age that marriages ends. Families with children that were not poor before the divorce see their income drop as much as 50 percent. Almost 50 percent of the parents with children that are going through a divorce move into poverty after the divorce. Restoring the importance of marriage to society and the welfare of children will require politicians and civic leaders to make this one of their most important tasks. It also will require a modest commitment of resources to pro-marriage programs. Fiscal conservatives should realize that federal and state governments spend $150 billion per year to subsidize and sustain single-parent families. By contrast, only $150 million is spent to strengthen marriage. Therefor, for every $1,000 spent to deal with the effects of family disintegration, only $1 is spent to prevent that disintegration. Refocusing funds to preserve marriage by reducing divorce and illegitimacy not only will be good for children and society, but in the long run will save money. Divorce Slows Economic Growth! There are few things than can slow economic growth quite like a high rate of divorce. According to a study performed by the Marriage and Religion Research Institute, marriage is an important contributor to economic growth. ”Healthy marriages have been proved to promote economic growth, while divorce adversely impacts the economy. Another factor that affects economic growth is the increase of total households. When couples are divorced, more housing, power and resources are required. The more the divorce rate increases, the more adverse the effect on the economy.”
Solutions of divorce- There are laws in states that are trying to keep The divorce rate at its lowest and here are some examples of what laws they have. Establish pro-marriage education and mentoring programs to teach couples how to develop skills to handle conflict and enhance the marital relationship. Classes to learn how to make your relationship better are a smart thing to help realize the reasons that the divorce rate is going up so much. Topics, such as lack of communication would help. Require married couples with minor children to promote community-wide marriage programs for couples planning to get married and marriage-mentoring programs for couples in troubled marriages. End "no-fault" divorce for parents with children under age 18, requiring them to prove that grave harm will be visited upon the children by having the marriage continue. Have divorce education and a mediated co-partnering plan before filing for divorce. Make the covenant of marriage option available to engaged couples as a way to bind them to a marriage contract that lengthens the process for obtaining of a divorce by two years. American society may have erased the stigma that once accompanied divorce, but it can no longer ignore its massive effects. As social scientists track successive generations of American children whose parents have ended their marriages, the data are leading even some of the once-staunchest supporters of divorce to conclude that divorce is hurting American society and devastating the lives of children. Its effects are obvious in family life, educational attainment, job stability, income potential, physical and emotional health, drug use, and crime. Federal officials can assist them in this effort by establishing the importance of marriage in federal policies and programs. For example, Washington could require the states to collect and provide accurate data on marriages and divorces, noting in each case the ages of the children involved. Congress could create demonstration grants, by diverting existing funding, to enable local community groups to provide marriage education and divorce prevention programs. Finally, Congress could establish a one-time tax credit for married parents who keep their marriage intact at least until their youngest child reaches age 18. The best solution to divorce is waiting to get married, to actually know if that person is really the one you want to be with for the rest of your life with a divorce. That means that you need to build up your communication skills, because if you don’t have communication skills you have nothing in your relationship and its proven to not work out, it will end in divorce.
Work Cited Page
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tag/psychological-effects-of-divorce/(2014)
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/30/mens-health-divorce_n_4018432.html(2014)
http://www.livestrong.com/article/103381-psychological-effects-divorce-women/ (2014)
http://www.mckinleyirvin.com/Family-Law-Blog/2012/October/32-Shocking-Divorce-Statistics.aspx?redirect_referrer=https%3a%2f%2fwww.google.com%2f (2014)
http://www.cedu.niu.edu/~shumow/iit/DIVORCE.pdf (2014)
http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2000/06/the-effects-of-divorce-on-america(2014)
http://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/1112/how-divorce-can-adversely-affect-the-economy.aspx (2014)
http://www.peacemaker.net/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=aqKFLTOBIpH&b=1043497&ct=5077343 (2014)
http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/buddy-system/201209/the-impact-divorce-friendships-couples-and-individuals (2014)